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Poor farmers - poor yields: socio-economic, soil fertility and crop management indicators affecting climbing bean productivity in northern Rwanda

机译：贫困农民 - 产量低：社会经济，土壤肥力和作物管理指标影响卢旺达北部的攀援豆生产力

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Climbing bean is the key staple legume crop in the highlands of East and Central Africa. We assessed the impact of interactions between soil fertility characteristics, crop management and socio-economic factors, such as household resource endowment and gender of the farmer, on climbing bean productivity and yield responses to basal P fertiliser in northern Rwanda. Through a combination of detailed characterisations of 12 farms and on-farm demonstration trials at 110 sites, we evaluated variability in grain yields and responses to fertiliser. Grain yields varied between 0.14 and 6.9 t ha−1 with an overall average of 1.69 t ha−1. Household resource endowment and gender of the farmer was strongly associated with climbing bean yield, even though these were partly confounded with Sector. Poorer households and women farmers achieved lower yields than wealthier households and male farmers. Household resource endowment and gender were likely to act as proxies for a range of agronomic and crop management factors that determine crop productivity, such as soil fertility, current and past access to organic manure and mineral fertiliser, access to sufficient quality staking material, ability to conduct crop management operation on time, but we found evidence for only some of these relationships. Poorer households and female farmers grew beans on soils with poorer soil fertility. Moreover, poorer households had a lower density of stakes, while stake density was strongly correlated with yield. Diammonium phosphate (DAP) fertiliser application led to a substantial increase in the average grain yield (0.66 t ha−1), but a large variability in responses implied that its use would be economically worthwhile for roughly half of the farmers. For the sake of targeting agricultural innovations to those households that are most likely to adopt, the Ubudehe household typology – a Rwandan government system of wealth categorisation – could be a useful and easily available tool to structure rural households within regions of Rwanda that are relatively uniform in agro-ecology.
机译：攀豆是东非和中非高地的主要主食豆类作物。我们评估了土壤肥力特征，作物管理和社会经济因素（如家庭资源end赋和农民的性别）之间的相互作用对卢旺达北部豆类生产力和对基础磷肥的产量反应的影响。通过将12个农场的详细特征与110个地点的农场示范试验相结合，我们评估了谷物产量和对肥料的响应的变异性。粮食单产在0.14至6.9 t ha-1之间变化，总体平均水平为1.69 t ha-1。农民的家庭资源end赋和性别与攀豆产量密切相关，尽管这些与农户部分混淆。较贫穷的家庭和女性农民的收成低于较富裕的家庭和男性农民。家庭资源的end赋和性别很可能是决定农作物生产力的一系列农艺和作物管理因素的代理，例如土壤肥力，目前和过去使用有机肥料和矿物肥料的机会，获得足够质量的铆钉材料的能力，准时进行农作物管理操作，但我们仅发现了其中一些关系的证据。贫困的家庭和女性农民在土壤肥力较弱的土壤上种植豆类。此外，较贫穷的家庭的木桩密度较低，而木桩密度与单产密切相关。施用磷酸二铵（DAP）导致平均谷物产量大幅增加（0.66 t ha-1），但响应差异很大，这意味着大约一半的农民在经济上值得使用。为了使农业创新针对最有可能采用的农户，乌布德赫家庭分类法（卢旺达政府的财富分类系统）可能是在卢旺达地区相对统一的农村住户结构中有用且容易获得的工具农业生态学。

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